EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF STATE OWNED BANKS AND PRIVATE FOREIGN BANKS IN INDONESIA DURING 2000- OCTOBER 2005
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ABSTRAK
Yuresta, Desi (2006). Evaluasi Kinerja Bank BUMN dan Bank Swasta Asing di Indonesia Selama Tahun 2000-Oktober 2005. Yogyakarta. Fakultas Ekonomi. Universitas Islam Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan membandingkan kinerja dari bank-bank BUMN and bank swasta asing di Indonesia selama periode tahun 2000-Oktober 2005 dengan menggunakan metode CAMEL. CAMEL adalah salah satu metode untuk mengevaluasi kinerja bank. Dalam metode CAMEL kita mengevaluasi lima aspek, yaitu: Modal, Aktiva, Manajemen, Rentabilitas, dan Likuiditas.
Dalam penelitian ini aspek modal diproksikan dengan CAR, aktiva direprentasikan dengan BDR dan Cadangan Aktiva yang diklasifuikasikan, Manajemen diproksikan dengan NPM, rentabilitas dinilai dengan ROA dan BOPO, dan likuiditas direpresentasikan dengan LDR dan CML.
Penelitian ini dilakukan memakai model regresi linier dengan CAR, BDR, Cadangan Aktiva yang Diklasifikasikan, NPM, ROA, BOPO, LDR dan CML sebagai variabel independent dan skor CAMEL sebadai variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hanya variabel Cadangan Aktiva yang Diklasifikasikan, ROA, BOPO, dan CML yang mempunyai perbedaan yang signifikan. Sedangkan variabel CAR, BDR, NPM, dan LDR tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Skor CAMEL diantara bank BUMN dan bank swasta asing pun tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja diantara kedua bank tersebut tidaklah berbeda. Hal ini dimungkunkan karena Bank Indonesia sudah menetapkan peraturan-peraturan khusus untuk memelihara kinerja bank-bank di Indonesia.
Kata kunci: Metode CAMEL, Kinerja Perbankan.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Study Background
Commercial banks have important roles in economy because they act as financial intermediary in the economic system. The main function of commercial bank as financial intermediary is collecting money as deposits and making commercial loans.
Banks also represent a vital link in the transmission of government economic policy, especially in monetary policy, to the remainder of the economy. Bank deposits represent the most significant component of the money supply used by public (Rose-Kolari, 1995). Because of the function of bank as financial intermediary, trust becomes very important. People will not deposit their money in bank if they do not trust it. That is why evaluating bank performance is important.
Measuring performance becomes important because financial performance can help identify the company’s condition and their prospect in the future. Beaver (in Yogiyanto, 2000) conducted a study about company’s susceptibility of bankruptcy five years before the company had financial difficulties. Altman (in Yogiyanto, 2000) also did a similar study to identify healthy and unhealthy bank, and found a significant relation between financial ratio and bankruptcy.
Bank performance is related to liquidity. Higher liquidity means better performance. If the performance of a bank is good, people would like to choose the bank.
One way to measure bank performance is using a CAMEL method. In the CAMEL method we evaluate five aspects: Capital, Asset, Management, Earnings, and Liquidity.
BIS (Bank for International Settlement),an international organization which fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks, have set CAMEL as the standard measurement for bank performance. This has become guidance all around the world.
In 1997, our country had suffered from economic crisis. This crisis has been affecting our economic condition. Economy has become unstable and has influenced business sector, including banking business. Consequently, the crisis has also affected bank performance. The performance had been becoming worse and even forced the government to establish BPPN (Badan Penyehatan Perbankan Nasional) in 1998 to restructure the unhealthy banks. At that time there were many banks categorized as unhealthy banks because of their low liquidity.
During 1998-1999 BPPN liquidated and took over many banks, not only private-owned but also state-owned bank. Even four state-owned banks were mergered into one bank. The reason behind all of this action is to increase the performance of the bank. In addition, evaluating bank’s financial performance is very important to stockowners, depositors, investors, bank managers and public.
1.2. Problem Identification
Banking industry is very crucial in an economy. That is why we should be aware of the growth of these industries. It is useless if the business is growing fast, but the performance is not satisfactory. The bank performance becomes our indicator to know whether the bank is good or not.
The performance may differ between one bank to another. The state-owned banks performance may differ from the one of private foreign banks. This research has objectives to evaluate the performance of state owned banks and private foreign banks in Indonesia.
1.3. Problem Formulation
Based on the explanation in the background of this study, the main problem here is whether there is a significant evidence of mean differences in performance (CAMEL) between state-owned bank and private foreign bank in Indonesia within 2000- October 2005.
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